{"id":1349,"date":"2020-08-17T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-08-17T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tutor.engoo.com\/blog\/?p=1349"},"modified":"2021-05-14T10:05:26","modified_gmt":"2021-05-14T10:05:26","slug":"native-language-translation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tutor.engoo.com\/blog\/about-online-tutoring\/native-language-translation\/","title":{"rendered":"Using a Student\u2019s Native Language in Class: Yae or Nay?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_80 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/tutor.engoo.com\/blog\/about-online-tutoring\/native-language-translation\/#Translation_is_Another_Way_To_Represent_Meaning\" >Translation is Another Way To Represent Meaning<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/tutor.engoo.com\/blog\/about-online-tutoring\/native-language-translation\/#Translation_in_Classroom_Teaching\" >Translation in Classroom Teaching<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/tutor.engoo.com\/blog\/about-online-tutoring\/native-language-translation\/#Translation_in_Tutoring\" >Translation in Tutoring<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/tutor.engoo.com\/blog\/about-online-tutoring\/native-language-translation\/#%F0%9F%91%8B_Thats_it_for_now\" >\ud83d\udc4b That\u2019s it for now!<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p>\u201cDon\u2019t translate!\u201d \u201cStop thinking in your native language!\u201d These are common tips that language teachers give their students. Unfortunately, they\u2019re not very helpful.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After all, we can\u2019t simply get students to think in English. <a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com.tw\/books?id=30bKAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA38&amp;lpg=PA38&amp;dq=kellerman+dutch+learners+of+german&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=Cb5V4ZjGUr&amp;sig=ACfU3U0Hu0uwf4fOtMUn2nosyujUnGpf3A&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=%22kellerman%20suggested%20that%20the%22&amp;f=false\">Research<\/a> shows that students gradually learn to do this as they move through the different stages of learning a language.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Further, instead of opposing all translations, it\u2019s better to distinguish between good and bad translations, because good translations help. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/249768592_Memorizing_New_Words_Does_Teaching_Have_Anything_To_Do_With_It\">Study<\/a> after <a href=\"https:\/\/eric.ed.gov\/?id=ED013046\">study<\/a> shows that teaching new vocabulary using a student\u2019s native language is much more effective than only using definitions in the target language.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What explains these findings and how they affect us, online tutors?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Translation_is_Another_Way_To_Represent_Meaning\"><\/span>Translation is Another Way To Represent Meaning<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>The most common criticism of translation is that it makes students believe that words in their native language have words with the exact same meaning in the target language. However, this criticism applies equally to definitions, pictures, and gestures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>First, a word is not equal to its definition. If someone said, \u201cI read a book to my two-year-old son\u201d vs \u201cI read a book for my literature course,\u201d most of us would think of two different kinds of books. After all, a definition is only a general concept of the word.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A word is also not equal to a picture. For example, let\u2019s say a student asks us what \u201cbook\u201d means, and we show them a picture like this:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/drawings\/u\/0\/d\/ssDE3KMmevZVjSKns0oqkXg\/image?w=624&amp;h=298&amp;rev=14&amp;ac=1&amp;parent=1RcxyQEYLCnD2Koi0qY-la4wbH8fieW5GQXYy1ols4Hc\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>A student may mistake it for a notebook. You can get your point across by sending more pictures, but you\u2019ll have to spend more time finding them.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Finally, a word is also not equal to hand gestures. For example, you can mime a book by opening and closing your hands. But for all you know, your student might think you\u2019re talking about clams!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So just as we don\u2019t want students to think that a word can be translated directly from their language, having them equate a definition, picture, or a gesture with a word can be just as misguiding.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Instead, using all of these approaches is the best thing to do. <a href=\"https:\/\/eric.ed.gov\/?id=ED013046\">Research<\/a> has shown that using pictures, definitions, and translations <em>together<\/em> is more effective than using only pictures, only definitions, or only pictures and definitions.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Of course, we won\u2019t always have time to explain every word using all these different methods, but the point is that students need all the help they can get! And this is precisely why we try to include translations, pictures, and definitions in our lessons as much as possible:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh4.googleusercontent.com\/rncQIhwvAI9YEEdN8RN6KFA9BUib15U6fDjAR69o7GSPscZ-EyvH212ntp_jVoTjYHJ-27NZOcxaRYl78RjEU1z5-YaFNl-IkoHBL3nCjMV7KPoyX51tNjPP5d291lTof1MhZWM4\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Translation_in_Classroom_Teaching\"><\/span>Translation in Classroom Teaching<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Another criticism of translation is that it takes time away from the target language.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/books\/learning-vocabulary-in-another-language\/491314AA1B451AD04F3536000F1C9F0D\">Cambridge\u2019s <em>Learning Vocabulary in Another Language<\/em><\/a> puts it:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cPictures and demonstrations take time away from the second language in the same way that using the first language\u2026 takes time away from the second language. Translation has the advantages of being quick, simple, and easily understood.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So we\u2019ll want to use translation when it makes things quicker, simpler, and easier-to-understand. This is often the case when we\u2019re talking about abstract concepts.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here\u2019s a thing I once observed in a beginner Japanese class. The teacher spoke in Japanese throughout the lesson and used pictures to help students understand what he was saying. However, he skillfully made an exception for the phrase <em>nen no tame<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Instead of using some sort of picture, he simply showed students a translation ( \u201cjust in case\u201d) on a piece of paper. By doing this, he got students to understand an abstract phrase while ensuring that Japanese was still the classroom language.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Translation can also help with concepts that aren\u2019t abstract. Once, during an intermediate Korean class (conducted in Korean) I took, the teacher said the word <em>mit-jul<\/em> in a sentence and instantly followed by the word in English: \u201cunderline.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hearing the English helped me realize that I hadn\u2019t understood <em>mit-jul<\/em>. I had heard it and just passed over it, thinking it wasn\u2019t important. Luckily, the quick English translation helped me understand what he was saying and learn a new word. (And I still remember it five years later!)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Translation_in_Tutoring\"><\/span>Translation in Tutoring<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>So, we don\u2019t want to conduct entire classes in our students\u2019 native tongues. However, we also don\u2019t have to feel guilty for using translation! When used appropriately, translation can be extremely helpful.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/drawings\/u\/0\/d\/sAFtROOPq5z3BwIAFRpF97A\/image?w=624&amp;h=341&amp;rev=90&amp;ac=1&amp;parent=1RcxyQEYLCnD2Koi0qY-la4wbH8fieW5GQXYy1ols4Hc\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, tutors have told us that they use translation when teaching absolute beginner students. After all, it\u2019s far quicker and simpler to translate the question \u201cDo you have brothers and sisters?\u201d than to gesture and use pictures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And no matter how good someone is at their target language, at some point, they will want to express an idea they find easier to share in their native language(s). And they will want to know how to express it clearly and in a culturally-appropriate way.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So rather than giving them the \u201cdon\u2019t think in your native tongue\u201d lecture, we can help them become better at translating by encouraging them to use translation dictionaries, such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linguee.com\/\">Linguee<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.alc.co.jp\/\">ALC<\/a>. (ALC is for Japanese students. Perhaps the majority of bad Japanese English could be solved with a search on ALC!)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In addition, students can search English phrases they\u2019d like to use on Google to see if English-speakers have used them. They can also use online forums and services such as <a href=\"https:\/\/forum.wordreference.com\/forums\/english-only.6\/\">WordReference<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/lang-8.com\/\">Lang-8<\/a>, or <a href=\"https:\/\/hinative.com\/\">HiNative<\/a> to check their sentences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%F0%9F%91%8B_Thats_it_for_now\"><\/span>\ud83d\udc4b That\u2019s it for now!<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Again, we don\u2019t want translation to dominate the lesson and of course, students will have their own preferences about it that we have to respect.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So, when they do opt for using translation, we should see it as another tool in our toolkit and help students understand the difference between a good and bad translation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Happy tutoring!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cDon\u2019t translate!\u201d \u201cStop thinking in your native language!\u201d These are common tips that language teachers give their students. Unfortunately, they\u2019re not very helpful. After all, we can\u2019t simply get students to think in English. Research...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":137,"featured_media":1351,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"unified_meta_tagline_field":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[43,69],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1349","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-about-online-tutoring","category-vocab-expressions"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Using a Student\u2019s Native Language in Class: Yae or Nay? | Engoo Tutor&#039;s Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tutor.engoo.com\/blog\/about-online-tutoring\/native-language-translation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Using a Student\u2019s Native Language in Class: Yae or Nay? | Engoo Tutor&#039;s Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u201cDon\u2019t translate!\u201d \u201cStop thinking in your native language!\u201d These are common tips that language teachers give their students. 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