{"id":5593,"date":"2024-01-16T03:19:58","date_gmt":"2024-01-16T03:19:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tutor.engoo.com\/blog\/?p=5593"},"modified":"2024-01-05T04:04:32","modified_gmt":"2024-01-05T04:04:32","slug":"expressions-students-can-use-instead-of-etc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tutor.engoo.com\/blog\/vocab-expressions\/expressions-students-can-use-instead-of-etc\/","title":{"rendered":"Expressions Students Can Use Instead of \"Etc.\""},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_80 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/tutor.engoo.com\/blog\/vocab-expressions\/expressions-students-can-use-instead-of-etc\/#Et_cetera\" >Et cetera<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/tutor.engoo.com\/blog\/vocab-expressions\/expressions-students-can-use-instead-of-etc\/#NeutralFormal_expressions\" >Neutral\/Formal expressions<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/tutor.engoo.com\/blog\/vocab-expressions\/expressions-students-can-use-instead-of-etc\/#_and_so_on\" >~ and so on<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/tutor.engoo.com\/blog\/vocab-expressions\/expressions-students-can-use-instead-of-etc\/#_and_the_like\" >~ and the like<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/tutor.engoo.com\/blog\/vocab-expressions\/expressions-students-can-use-instead-of-etc\/#_and_whatnot\" >~ and whatnot<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/tutor.engoo.com\/blog\/vocab-expressions\/expressions-students-can-use-instead-of-etc\/#_and_what_have_you\" >~ and what have you<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/tutor.engoo.com\/blog\/vocab-expressions\/expressions-students-can-use-instead-of-etc\/#_and_such\" >~ and such<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/tutor.engoo.com\/blog\/vocab-expressions\/expressions-students-can-use-instead-of-etc\/#Informal_expressions\" >Informal expressions<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/tutor.engoo.com\/blog\/vocab-expressions\/expressions-students-can-use-instead-of-etc\/#_and_stuff_like_that\" >~ and stuff like that<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/tutor.engoo.com\/blog\/vocab-expressions\/expressions-students-can-use-instead-of-etc\/#Blah_blah_blah\" >Blah, blah, blah<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/tutor.engoo.com\/blog\/vocab-expressions\/expressions-students-can-use-instead-of-etc\/#Yadda_yadda_yadda\" >Yadda yadda (yadda)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/tutor.engoo.com\/blog\/vocab-expressions\/expressions-students-can-use-instead-of-etc\/#Wrap-up\" >Wrap-up<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p>We don\u2019t always need to list every example of something we\u2019re talking about. In most cases, naming two or three is enough; after that, we can simply say \u201cet cetera\u201d to indicate that there are more examples. Many learners may not realize, however, that there are several more ways to express this.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Especially because et cetera can sometimes sound formal, it's good for students to know some casual alternatives when speaking with friends or in other informal situations. We hope this article can be a guide for you when introducing these useful phrases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Et_cetera\"><\/span><strong>Et cetera<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Let's start by taking a closer look at et cetera itself. It comes from Latin and means \u201cand the others\u201d or \u201cand the rest.\u201d It can also be spelled without the space (\u201cetcetera\u201d), though it is most common in its shortened form: \u201cetc.\u201d Students should know that all versions are pronounced the same way.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>They should also know that et cetera is used for things, not for people. The abbreviation \u201cet al.\u201d (which also means \"and others\" in Latin) is used for individuals, but is mostly seen in text when referring to authors of books and academic papers. Therefore, most students will not have many opportunities to use it.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In spoken English, we can refer to a longer list of people\u2019s names by simply saying \"and more.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"NeutralFormal_expressions\"><\/span><strong>Neutral\/Formal expressions<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Let's move on to the alternatives for et cetera. First, we'll introduce similar expressions that are appropriate for formal situations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_and_so_on\"><\/span><strong>~ and so on<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.blog.engoo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/27030426\/pexels-alena-shekhovtcova-8067882-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"A group of businesspeople having a meeting\" class=\"wp-image-5596\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.blog.engoo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/27030426\/pexels-alena-shekhovtcova-8067882-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/assets.blog.engoo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/27030426\/pexels-alena-shekhovtcova-8067882-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/assets.blog.engoo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/27030426\/pexels-alena-shekhovtcova-8067882-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/assets.blog.engoo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/27030426\/pexels-alena-shekhovtcova-8067882-420x280.jpg 420w, https:\/\/assets.blog.engoo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/27030426\/pexels-alena-shekhovtcova-8067882-840x560.jpg 840w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cAnd so on\u201d suggests continuation, as if your examples are only the start of a longer list.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"unified-block unified-sentences block-align-none\"><strong class=\"unified-sentences-title\">At the meeting, we\u2019ll need to discuss the budget, the schedule, staffing and so on.<\/strong><\/div>\n\n\n<p>This expression is sometimes made a little longer by adding \u201cand so forth.\u201d However, it does not change the meaning or the nuance.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"unified-block unified-sentences block-align-none\"><strong class=\"unified-sentences-title\">Language lessons can help you improve things like pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary and so on and so forth.<\/strong><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_and_the_like\"><\/span><strong>~ and the like<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>There is no major difference between this expression and the previous one.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"unified-block unified-sentences block-align-none\"><strong class=\"unified-sentences-title\">The farmer's market has stands selling fruit, baked goods and the like.<\/strong><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_and_whatnot\"><\/span><strong>~ and whatnot<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"585\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.blog.engoo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/27030514\/3ffed5b9-90af-4180-ba30-69f24e3b4439-copy-1024x585.jpg\" alt=\"A laboratory filled with many strange gadgets and machines\" class=\"wp-image-5597\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.blog.engoo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/27030514\/3ffed5b9-90af-4180-ba30-69f24e3b4439-copy-1024x585.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/assets.blog.engoo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/27030514\/3ffed5b9-90af-4180-ba30-69f24e3b4439-copy-300x171.jpg 300w, https:\/\/assets.blog.engoo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/27030514\/3ffed5b9-90af-4180-ba30-69f24e3b4439-copy-768x439.jpg 768w, https:\/\/assets.blog.engoo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/27030514\/3ffed5b9-90af-4180-ba30-69f24e3b4439-copy-700x400.jpg 700w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWhatnot\u201d is an unusual word that can substitute for et cetera, especially if the other items being referred to are difficult to describe clearly.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"unified-block unified-sentences block-align-none\"><strong class=\"unified-sentences-title\">The scientist\u2019s laboratory was filled with strange devices, crazy inventions and whatnot.<\/strong><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_and_what_have_you\"><\/span><strong>~ and what have you<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cHave you\u201d instead of \u201cyou have\u201d sounds strange, even to native English speakers, but this is still a very common way of referencing more examples from a short list.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"unified-block unified-sentences block-align-none\"><strong class=\"unified-sentences-title\">The festival will include different kinds of entertainment, such as musical performances, dancing, art exhibitions and what have you.<\/strong><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_and_such\"><\/span><strong>~ and such<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Here is one more simple alternative for et cetera.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"unified-block unified-sentences block-align-none\"><strong class=\"unified-sentences-title\">The hotel breakfast only includes simple things like cereal, bagels and such.<\/strong><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Informal_expressions\"><\/span><strong>Informal expressions<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.blog.engoo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/27030613\/pexels-cottonbro-studio-5124852-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"A bored student's hands writing &quot;Boring&quot; on his desk\" class=\"wp-image-5598\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.blog.engoo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/27030613\/pexels-cottonbro-studio-5124852-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/assets.blog.engoo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/27030613\/pexels-cottonbro-studio-5124852-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/assets.blog.engoo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/27030613\/pexels-cottonbro-studio-5124852-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/assets.blog.engoo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/27030613\/pexels-cottonbro-studio-5124852-420x280.jpg 420w, https:\/\/assets.blog.engoo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/27030613\/pexels-cottonbro-studio-5124852-840x560.jpg 840w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The following expressions are most suitable for casual situations, so students should know to only use them when it is appropriate to do so.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_and_stuff_like_that\"><\/span><strong>~ and stuff like that<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>This is a casual and very common expression. You can also say \"and things like that.\"<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"unified-block unified-sentences block-align-none\"><strong class=\"unified-sentences-title\">She has a large collection of vintage items like rare coins, classic vinyl records and stuff like that.<\/strong><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Blah_blah_blah\"><\/span><strong>Blah, blah, blah<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>This is a very informal way to refer to information that is not considered to be important, interesting or original.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"unified-block unified-sentences block-align-none\"><strong class=\"unified-sentences-title\">The meeting was about sales numbers, budgets, blah, blah, blah. The usual stuff.<\/strong><\/div>\n\n\n<p>This expression is often used to refer to something someone has said. For some extra fun, introduce students to the \"talking hand\" gesture that often accompanies this et cetera alternative.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"unified-block unified-sentences block-align-none\"><strong class=\"unified-sentences-title\">The company tweeted an apology for their controversial ad and promised to do better in the future, blah, blah, blah.<\/strong><\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"480\" height=\"269\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.blog.engoo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/01\/05040309\/image-1.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5731\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.blog.engoo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/01\/05040306\/image.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5730\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>A single \u201cblah\u201d can also be a noun or an adjective with the same nuance.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"unified-block unified-sentences block-align-none\"><strong class=\"unified-sentences-title\">The documentary was filled with a lot of blah about things I didn't care about.<\/strong><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"unified-block unified-sentences block-align-none\"><strong class=\"unified-sentences-title\">This soup tastes really blah; it needs some salt.<\/strong><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Yadda_yadda_yadda\"><\/span><strong>Yadda yadda (yadda)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The last expression on this list is very similar to blah, blah, blah except that it isn\u2019t quite as common. Also, it has no special hand gesture \u2014 blah is unique for that!<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"unified-block unified-sentences block-align-none\"><strong class=\"unified-sentences-title\">That event was the same old thing it always is: boring speeches, snobby guests, yadda yadda yadda. I\u2019ve seen it a million times before.\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n\n\n<p>It can also be spelled with only a single \"D,\" as in \"yada yada.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This expression is very familiar to many fans of the American television show <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seinfeld\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Seinfeld<\/em><\/a>. In fact, one episode of the series is called \"The Yada Yada\"!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Wrap-up\"><\/span><strong>Wrap-up<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The best kinds of students are those who are hungry for a greater variety of ways to express themselves. Expressions like the ones presented here will allow them to do that while also sounding closer to the English they will hear on the street, in popular media and in conversations with friends.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Just be sure to remind them to choose the appropriate expression for their situation.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We don\u2019t always need to list every example of something we\u2019re talking about. In most cases, naming two or three is enough; after that, we can simply say \u201cet cetera\u201d to indicate that there are...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":432,"featured_media":5595,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"unified_meta_tagline_field":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[69],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5593","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vocab-expressions"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Expressions Students Can Use Instead of &quot;Etc.&quot; | Engoo Tutor&#039;s Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"&quot;Etc.&quot; is convenient for suggesting a long list of examples. But there are many more ways to express the same idea students may not know.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tutor.engoo.com\/blog\/vocab-expressions\/expressions-students-can-use-instead-of-etc\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Expressions Students Can Use Instead of &quot;Etc.&quot; | Engoo Tutor&#039;s Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"&quot;Etc.&quot; is convenient for suggesting a long list of examples. 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