{"id":732,"date":"2019-12-12T00:00:54","date_gmt":"2019-12-12T00:00:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tutor.engoo.com\/blog\/?p=732"},"modified":"2021-11-17T02:27:48","modified_gmt":"2021-11-17T02:27:48","slug":"how-japanese-korean-and-taiwanese-brains-perceive-word-stress","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tutor.engoo.com\/blog\/curiosity\/how-japanese-korean-and-taiwanese-brains-perceive-word-stress\/","title":{"rendered":"How Japanese, Korean, and Taiwanese Brains Perceive Word Stress"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_80 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/tutor.engoo.com\/blog\/curiosity\/how-japanese-korean-and-taiwanese-brains-perceive-word-stress\/#Native_Speakers\" >Native Speakers<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/tutor.engoo.com\/blog\/curiosity\/how-japanese-korean-and-taiwanese-brains-perceive-word-stress\/#Japanese_Students\" >Japanese Students<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/tutor.engoo.com\/blog\/curiosity\/how-japanese-korean-and-taiwanese-brains-perceive-word-stress\/#Korean_Students\" >Korean Students<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/tutor.engoo.com\/blog\/curiosity\/how-japanese-korean-and-taiwanese-brains-perceive-word-stress\/#Taiwanese_Students\" >Taiwanese Students<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/tutor.engoo.com\/blog\/curiosity\/how-japanese-korean-and-taiwanese-brains-perceive-word-stress\/#%F0%9F%91%8B_Thats_it_for_now\" >\ud83d\udc4b That\u2019s it for now!<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>As you\u2019ve probably noticed, many of our students have a hard time mastering word stress. Some linguists even call this \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.lscp.net\/persons\/peperkamp\/Peperkamp_Dupoux_(2002)_A_typological_study_of_stress_'deafness'.pdf\">stress deafness<\/a>.\u201d But do students really not hear anything?<\/p>\n<p>After all, there are four aspects of stress:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>volume (loud or soft)<\/li>\n<li>length (short or long)<\/li>\n<li>pitch (high or low)<\/li>\n<li>vowel quality (full or reduced*)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Maybe our students hear some aspects of stress but not others? To find out, let\u2019s take a look at how native speakers perceive stress and then compare it to how English learners from Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan \u2013 home to many of our students \u2013 do this.<\/p>\n<p>*Note: \u201dFull\u201d and \u201creduced\u201d vowels are also known as \u201cstrong\u201d and \u201cweak\u201d vowels.<\/p>\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Native_Speakers\"><\/span>Native Speakers<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>If you listen to <a href=\"https:\/\/forvo.com\/word\/potato\/#en\">a recording of the word \u201cpotato,\u201d<\/a> you\u2019ll notice that the stressed syllable is longer, louder, higher in pitch, and has a full vowel sound.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-733\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.blog.engoo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2019\/11\/28061414\/image12.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"632\" height=\"414\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.blog.engoo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2019\/11\/28061414\/image12.png 632w, https:\/\/assets.blog.engoo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2019\/11\/28061414\/image12-300x197.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 632px) 100vw, 632px\" \/><br \/>\nFor native speakers, the <a href=\"https:\/\/pure.mpg.de\/rest\/items\/item_77018_5\/component\/file_532273\/content\">most important aspect of stress is \u201cvowel quality\u201d<\/a> (whether a vowel is full or reduced). All stressed vowels keep the full vowel sound, while unstressed vowels often become reduced. For example, in \u201cpotato,\u201d the first vowel is reduced: instead of saying \u201cpoh-tay-toh,\u201d we say \u201cpuh-tay-toh.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Vowel quality is so important that even if the length, pitch, and volume are correct, a native speaker <a href=\"https:\/\/pure.mpg.de\/rest\/items\/item_719546\/component\/file_719545\/content\">may still not understand the word<\/a>. For example, once a student was telling me about something's \"per-pose.\" I had no idea what they were saying until I realized they were saying \"purpose\" (pronounced \"per-puss\") without reducing the unstressed syllable.<\/p>\n<p>So vowel quality has the greatest impact on what native speakers detect as word stress.<\/p>\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Japanese_Students\"><\/span>Japanese Students<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>When Japanese people listen to pairs of words that differ only in stress (e.g. OBject and obJECT), they mainly <a href=\"https:\/\/www1.doshisha.ac.jp\/~msugahar\/Sugahara_March2016_Japanese_listeners_perception_of_English_stress_DSE_96.pdf\">detect differences in pitch<\/a>. In other words, they hear that the first syllable of OBject is higher in pitch than the second syllable in obJECT.<\/p>\n<p>This is because pitch is very important in the Japanese language. For example, the Japanese words for \u201cbridge,\u201d \u201cchopsticks,\u201d and \u201ctip\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/tRBhMa2uAro?t=69\">only differ in their pitch patterns<\/a>.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-734\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.blog.engoo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2019\/11\/28061421\/image21.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"624\" height=\"295\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.blog.engoo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2019\/11\/28061421\/image21.png 624w, https:\/\/assets.blog.engoo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2019\/11\/28061421\/image21-300x142.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 624px) 100vw, 624px\" \/><br \/>\nIn addition, Japanese people can also detect differences in <a href=\"http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/download?doi=10.1.1.1009.5011&amp;rep=rep1&amp;type=pdf\">length and volume<\/a>. They most likely hear length, because it is crucial to the rhythm of the Japanese language. For example, the words \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/forvo.com\/search\/%E5%8F%96%E3%82%8B\/\">toru<\/a>\u201d and \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/forvo.com\/search\/%E9%80%9A%E3%82%8B\/\">t\u014dru<\/a>\u201d (with a long \u201co\u201d sound) mean two different things: \u201cto take\u201d and \u201cto pass.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>So Japanese students aren\u2019t actually deaf to stress. At least when listening to words in isolation, they can hear three features of stress: pitch, length, and volume!<\/p>\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Korean_Students\"><\/span>Korean Students<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>Just like the Japanese, Koreans <a href=\"http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/download?doi=10.1.1.1009.5011&amp;rep=rep1&amp;type=pdf\">mainly rely on pitch to hear stress<\/a>. This can be explained by the fact that pitch is an important feature of the Korean language as well. Pitch differences mainly occur at the start of a Korean phrase, depending on the <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/Gg-VZxBIZjo?t=167\">type of consonant sound<\/a> that starts a word.<\/p>\n<p>Since length and intensity are less important in the Korean language, Korean listeners are much less able to detect differences in these two aspects of English stress.<\/p>\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Taiwanese_Students\"><\/span>Taiwanese Students<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>Similarly, Taiwanese people also mainly think of stress in terms of pitch. This is because pitch is an important part of the tones in various <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Languages_of_Taiwan\">Chinese languages spoken in Taiwan<\/a>. (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/200709378_Vietnamese_acquisition_of_English_word_stress\">Speakers of Vietnamese<\/a>, also a tonal language, detect pitch as well.)<\/p>\n<p>However, the fact that Taiwanese people hear pitch doesn\u2019t mean they hear it the way native speakers do. There are four tones in the Mandarin language, and when Mandarin-speakers hear stress, they think of it in terms of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/35472676\/The_Influence_of_Chinese_Stress_on_English_Pronunciation_Teaching_and_Learning\">the first tone<\/a>, which roughly corresponds to the pitch that English-speakers use when they say the word \u201cummm.\u201d<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-735\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.blog.engoo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2019\/11\/28061430\/image3-3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"623\" height=\"326\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.blog.engoo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2019\/11\/28061430\/image3-3.png 623w, https:\/\/assets.blog.engoo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2019\/11\/28061430\/image3-3-300x157.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 623px) 100vw, 623px\" \/><br \/>\nFor example, listen to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=a8gGiv7Gm9s\">this Taiwanese child<\/a> reading out the ABCs, and you will hear that she uses a high, flat pitch to read out each letter, which sounds slightly foreign to most of us. That is because the child is applying the high, flat pitch of the first tone to English!<\/p>\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%F0%9F%91%8B_Thats_it_for_now\"><\/span>\ud83d\udc4b That\u2019s it for now!<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>To sum up, whereas native speakers rely mainly on vowel quality to hear stress, Japanese, Korean, and Mandarin speakers of English mainly think of it in terms of pitch! Next time you encounter a student who struggles with stress, ask them to listen carefully to your pronunciation. Then, ask what differences they hear between the stressed and unstressed syllables.<\/p>\n<p>Chances are, they\u2019ll at least be able to hear differences in pitch! You can then help them hear the other aspects: length, volume, and vowel quality. Happy tutoring!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As you\u2019ve probably noticed, many of our students have a hard time mastering word stress. Some linguists even call this \u201cstress deafness.\u201d But do students really not hear anything? After all, there are four aspects...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":137,"featured_media":737,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"unified_meta_tagline_field":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[9,11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-732","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curiosity","category-pronunciation"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How Japanese, Korean, and Taiwanese Brains Perceive Word Stress | Engoo Tutor&#039;s Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tutor.engoo.com\/blog\/curiosity\/how-japanese-korean-and-taiwanese-brains-perceive-word-stress\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How Japanese, Korean, and Taiwanese Brains Perceive Word Stress | Engoo Tutor&#039;s Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"As you\u2019ve probably noticed, many of our students have a hard time mastering word stress. 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