{"id":883,"date":"2020-02-24T00:00:06","date_gmt":"2020-02-24T00:00:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tutor.engoo.com\/blog\/?p=883"},"modified":"2021-05-10T16:00:02","modified_gmt":"2021-05-10T16:00:02","slug":"r-and-l-pronunciation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tutor.engoo.com\/blog\/pronunciation\/r-and-l-pronunciation\/","title":{"rendered":"R or L? 3 Easy Ways to Teach Students the Difference"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_80 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/tutor.engoo.com\/blog\/pronunciation\/r-and-l-pronunciation\/#Why_the_Confusion\" >Why the Confusion?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/tutor.engoo.com\/blog\/pronunciation\/r-and-l-pronunciation\/#Method_1_Tongue_Positioning\" >Method 1: Tongue Positioning<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/tutor.engoo.com\/blog\/pronunciation\/r-and-l-pronunciation\/#Method_2_The_%E2%80%9COO%E2%80%9D_Technique\" >Method 2: The \u201cOO\u201d Technique<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/tutor.engoo.com\/blog\/pronunciation\/r-and-l-pronunciation\/#Method_3_The_Slide_Technique\" >Method 3: The Slide Technique<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/tutor.engoo.com\/blog\/pronunciation\/r-and-l-pronunciation\/#%F0%9F%93%8C_Takeaways\" >\ud83d\udccc Takeaways<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>It\u2019s common knowledge that many East Asian learners confuse their R\u2019s and L\u2019s. The usual explanation is that these sounds don\u2019t exist in their native languages.<\/p>\n<p>However, that\u2019s not true. The English R and L sounds do exist in <a href=\"https:\/\/dspace.library.uvic.ca\/handle\/1828\/1367\">Japanese<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.asel.udel.edu\/icslp\/cdrom\/vol3\/518\/a518.pdf\">Korean<\/a>, and native speakers of these languages <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ted.com\/talks\/patricia_kuhl_the_linguistic_genius_of_babies\/transcript?language=en#t-248281\">switch between these sounds<\/a> without a second thought. So what accounts for their confusion in English and how can we help?<\/p>\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_the_Confusion\"><\/span>Why the Confusion?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>To understand this process, let\u2019s look at a similar situation in English. With your hand under your nose, try saying \u201cmmmmm\u201d (the sound you make when you think something is delicious). You should feel some air come out of your nose. \u201cMmmmmmm.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Now, with your hand still under your nose, say \u201cyum.\u201d Make sure to lengthen the vowel sound: \u201cyuuuum.\u201d You should feel vibration when you pronounce the M\u2019s, but also when you pronounce the U\u2019s. \u201cYuuummmmm.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Now, say \u201cyup.\u201d You should feel much less air (if any at all) coming out of your nose.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-890\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.blog.engoo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/02\/13044449\/yum-yup.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"623\" height=\"332\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.blog.engoo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/02\/13044449\/yum-yup.png 623w, https:\/\/assets.blog.engoo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/02\/13044449\/yum-yup-300x160.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 623px) 100vw, 623px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>This difference occurs because the vowel in \u201cyum\u201d is nasal (pronounced through the nose) whereas the vowel in \u201cyup\u201d is pronounced through the mouth. If this seems trivial to you, that\u2019s because it <em>is<\/em> \u2026 at least in English.<\/p>\n<p>However, this difference becomes important when you learn other languages. For example, in Portuguese, the nasal vowels can change the meaning of a word: while \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/forvo.com\/word\/p%C3%A3o\/\">p\u00e3o<\/a>\u201d (nasal) means \u201cbread,\u201d \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/forvo.com\/word\/pau\/\">pau<\/a>\u201d (non-nasalized) means \u201cstick\u201d!<\/p>\n<p>And just as Japanese speakers confuse R and L sounds in English, English speakers confuse nasal and non-nasal sounds in Portuguese \u2026 when they don\u2019t understand that there is a difference.<\/p>\n<p>So the first step to helping students master confusing sounds is to help them realize that they\u2019re different! The key lies in getting students to put their mouth in the right positions.<\/p>\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Method_1_Tongue_Positioning\"><\/span>Method 1: Tongue Positioning<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>To start off, have your student put their tongue in the right position. While the tongue touches the upper teeth to make the L sound, the tongue doesn\u2019t touch anything to make the R sound:<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-889\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.blog.engoo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/02\/13044440\/tongue-positioning.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"623\" height=\"357\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.blog.engoo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/02\/13044440\/tongue-positioning.png 623w, https:\/\/assets.blog.engoo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/02\/13044440\/tongue-positioning-300x172.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 623px) 100vw, 623px\" \/><br \/>\nIf it helps, you can also make hand gestures like these:<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-888\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.blog.engoo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/02\/13044433\/R-L-hand-gestures.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"623\" height=\"378\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.blog.engoo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/02\/13044433\/R-L-hand-gestures.png 623w, https:\/\/assets.blog.engoo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/02\/13044433\/R-L-hand-gestures-300x182.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 623px) 100vw, 623px\" \/><br \/>\nGetting their tongue in the right position is a good start. Once they know what to do with their tongue, we can encourage them to round their lips for the R sound. You can do this by rounding your own lips and making a funnel with your hand in front of your mouth to emphasize that you\u2019re rounding your lips.<\/p>\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Method_2_The_%E2%80%9COO%E2%80%9D_Technique\"><\/span>Method 2: The \u201cOO\u201d Technique<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>Another way to remind students to round their lips is to add an \u201coo\u201d (as in \u201cboom\u201d) sound before R\u2019s. For example, if they\u2019re having difficulty with \u201croom\u201d or \u201cbroom,\u201d you can write them as \u201c(oo)room\u201d and \u201cb(oo)room\u201d:<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-886\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.blog.engoo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/02\/13044345\/oo-trick.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"624\" height=\"217\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.blog.engoo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/02\/13044345\/oo-trick.png 624w, https:\/\/assets.blog.engoo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/02\/13044345\/oo-trick-300x104.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 624px) 100vw, 624px\" \/><br \/>\nOften, students find it more helpful to see the sound for \u201coo\u201d in their native language. The \u201coo\u201d sound is written \u3046 in Japanese, \uc6b0 in Korean, and \u5c4b in Chinese, so you can paste these characters before R\u2019s like this:<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-885\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.blog.engoo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/02\/13044340\/oo-trick-with-characters.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"624\" height=\"459\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.blog.engoo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/02\/13044340\/oo-trick-with-characters.png 624w, https:\/\/assets.blog.engoo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/02\/13044340\/oo-trick-with-characters-300x221.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 624px) 100vw, 624px\" \/><br \/>\nIf the \u201coo\u201d trick doesn\u2019t work, you can explain mouth positioning with a picture like this:<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-884\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.blog.engoo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/02\/13044328\/ELL-URR.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"617\" height=\"443\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.blog.engoo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/02\/13044328\/ELL-URR.png 617w, https:\/\/assets.blog.engoo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/02\/13044328\/ELL-URR-300x215.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 617px) 100vw, 617px\" \/><\/p>\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Method_3_The_Slide_Technique\"><\/span>Method 3: The Slide Technique<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>Another gesture that works with Japanese students is having one hand curled upward (to represent the tongue) and sliding the other hand (which represents the length of the sound) through it. This will show students that they need to stretch out the R sound to achieve it. Here's a demonstration of this gesture:<\/p>\n<div class=\"video-responsive\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"American R &amp; L for Japanese Speakers\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/_UWN39wmGJo?start=71&feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p>After these explanations, many students will realize that the sounds are different. Of course, they\u2019ll still need to practice them repeatedly, but at least they\u2019ve taken a first step.<\/p>\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%F0%9F%93%8C_Takeaways\"><\/span>\ud83d\udccc Takeaways<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>So next time you encounter a student who confuses the dreaded R and L sounds, you know why they do it and what to do about it!<\/p>\n<p>For your convenience, here are the tips again:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Have them make a \u201coo\u201d sound to trick the mouth into the right position<\/li>\n<li>Use pictures and hand gestures to show the difference in tongue positioning<\/li>\n<li>Make a sliding gesture to demonstrate the R sound<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>If you want a comprehensive explanation of this topic, check out this video:<\/p>\n<div class=\"video-responsive\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How to Pronounce R and L Sounds - Comparison - American English Pronunciation\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/iH-9lqrGbBU?start=6&feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p>Finally, every student is in a slightly different stage when it comes to their mastery of different sounds, so make sure to try out different techniques!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>It\u2019s common knowledge that many East Asian learners confuse their R\u2019s and L\u2019s. The usual explanation is that these sounds don\u2019t exist in their native languages. However, that\u2019s not true. The English R and L...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":137,"featured_media":887,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"unified_meta_tagline_field":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-883","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pronunciation"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>R or L? 3 Easy Ways to Teach Students the Difference | Engoo Tutor&#039;s Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tutor.engoo.com\/blog\/pronunciation\/r-and-l-pronunciation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"R or L? 3 Easy Ways to Teach Students the Difference | Engoo Tutor&#039;s Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"It\u2019s common knowledge that many East Asian learners confuse their R\u2019s and L\u2019s. 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